Romanian Journal of Human - Computer Interaction Vol. 4 (2011) Special issue: Human Computer Interaction 2011 Proceedings of the National Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Bucharest, 8-9 September 2011 ISSN 1843-4460
	Contents Politeness in Interaction Design Lyn Pemberton   1-8 Challenges in Streamlining User Experience Design Paul - Alexandru Chiriţă   9-12 A Framework for Assessing Online Presence in Social Media Ana Maria Marhan   13-16 A System for the Evaluation of the Participation of a Student to a Discussion Forum Iulia Paşov, Ştefan Trăuşan-Matu, Traian Rebedea   17-24 Studies on Data Visualization and Infographics Alecsandru Grigoriu, Sabin Corneliu Buraga   25-28 Dialogism Concepts in the Evaluation of the Participants of a Chat Mihai Dascălu, Ștefan Trăușan-Matu, Traian Rebedea, Diana Lupan, Ștefan Bobocescu-Kesikis   29-34 Polycafe: Advanced System for the Evaluation of Chat Conversations Based on the Polyphonic Model Traian Rebedea, Mihai Dascălu, Ștefan Trăușan-Matu, Ana Teodorescu, Alexandra Ene   35-42 The Impact of Usability Problems on the Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Enjoyment of an Augmented Reality Learning Scenario Dragoş Daniel Iordache, Costin Pribeanu   43-48 Design of a Haptic Cover for Mobile Devices for Persons with Visual Impairment Cristian-Alexandru Drăgușanu, Petronela Stan, Andreea-Alexandra Iuga, Marina Cufliuc   49-52 Informatics Devices and Devices with Vocal Interface Paul Fogarassy-Neszly   53-58 The Influence of Perceptual Accuracy on the User Learning Experience with a Biology Application Costin Pribeanu   59-62 Development of Usability Heuristics. Case Study: Grid Computing Applications Cristian Rusu, Dorian Gorgan, Silvana Roncagliolo, Virginica Rusu Măgureanu   63-66 Adaptive Student E-Learning System Liana Cornelia Hedeşiu, Cornelia Melenti   67-70 Educational Content Management System for Competence-Based Learning Ana-Maria Borozan, Ileana Trandafir   71-74 MDL Applications for Programming Lessons Daniel Safta, Dorian Gorgan   75-78 A Multidimensional and Hierarchical Model for Assessing the Quality of E-Learning Services Alexandru Balog   79-82 Video Game Development Concepts Alexandru Angelescu, Sabin-Corneliu Buraga   83-90 System for Defect Detection in Fabrics Dragoş Cătălin Barbu, Dragoş Nicolae Nicolau   91-94 Interaction Techniques for Satellite Image Processing on the Grid Vlad Doru Colceriu, Dorian Gorgan   95-98 Remote Visualization of Dynamical 3d Graphical Scenes Claudiu Mera, Dorian Gorgan   99-102 Human-Computer Interaction Techniques in Grid Based Hydrological Model Execution – gSWAT Application Dănuţ Mihon, Victor Bâcu, Teodor Ştefănuţ, Dorian Gorgan   103-106 Using Hand Gestures in Human-Computer Interaction Mihaela Coneac, Adrian Iftene   107-110 Evaluation of the Effort to Mental Reconstruct the Objects from Technical Drawings Florin Gîrbacia, Eugen Butilă, Andreea Beraru   111-114 Virtual Reality Model in Geographical Information Systems Dârdală Marian, Reveiu Adriana, Furtună Titus Felix   115-118 Using Motion-Capture Technology in Real Time Interactive Enviroments Rizea Victor Adrian, Dinca Florin Alexandru, Ilie Ciprian, Hramco Vera, Polceanu Mihai,  Dorin-Mircea Popovici   119-122 Using Context for Improving Human-Computer Interaction in Intelligent Spaces Emil Stănescu, Ileana Stănescu   123-126 Musical Information Retrieval System. Theory and Applications Adrian Simion   127-130   Abstracts Politeness in Interaction Design Lyn Pemberton School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton Brighton, Lewes Rd, Brighton, UK, BN2 4GJ lyn.pembeton@brighton.ac.uk Abstract. Principles such as minimising memory requirements, clarifying affordance and providing effective feedback have been widely called upon to explain aspects of user experience. These principles call on research in cognitive psychology, often seen as the “home discipline” of human computer interaction. However, since interacting with a computer can be seen in some ways as a communicative act, it may also be useful to call on principles that have been developed in the core communication science of linguistics, especially pragmatics. In this paper we describe the major features of linguistic politeness theory and suggest ways in which usability problems may usefully be reframed in terms of positive and negative face threats. We consider ways in which UI designers can mitigate these threats by applying politeness strategies. View full article   Challenges in Streamlining User Experience Design Paul - Alexandru Chiriţă Adobe Systems Romania Anchor Plaza, Timisoara Blvd., No. 26 Z, District 6 Bucharest 061331, Romania pchirita@adobe.com Abstract. As the software industry has evolved into having solutions for many of our basic needs, User Experience (UX) looks like the next big thing to invest in, especially in the enterprise world. This paper presents three development directions I consider crucial for UX design in the years to come: (1) Brining the design inspiration process closer to designers’ tools and making it more organized, (2) Further optimizing current content creation algorithms, and especially (3) Evaluating new designs with the masses, in a semi-automated fashion. View full article   A Framework for Assessing Online Presence in Social Media Ana Maria Marhan Institutul de Filosofie și Psihologie ”C. Rădulescu-Motru” Casa Academiei, Calea 13 Septembrie nr. 13, București amarhan@ipsihologie.ro Abstract. This paper intends to provide a  set of criteria for analyzing various social media platforms against their potential for supporting users in building their online presence. The four basic elements included in this framework: identity, space, persistency and action have been selected following  an empirical analysis of various software platforms currently used currently in academic networking, and supported by recent findings  in psychology and sociology. View full article   A System for the Evaluation of the Participation of a Student to a Discussion Forum Iulia Paşov, Ştefan Trăuşan-Matu, Traian Rebedea Universitatea Politehnica Bucureşti Splaiul Independenţei nr. 313, Bucureşti iulia.pasov@cs.pub.ro stefan.trausan@cs.pub.ro traian.rebedea@cs.pub.ro Abstract. The purpose of this study is to provide a tool used in computer mediated communication and designed to support educational experiences. The application is based on the Community of Inquiry model, which consists of three elements: the cognitive presence, the social presence and the teaching presence. Those presences are identified according to certain indicators which define complex patterns that are used by researchers to analyze student messages. The final application implements a rule-based algorithm that evaluates participations to forums according to those patterns. The study suggests that any computerized conference between students can create a community of inquiry for educational purposes. View full article   Studies on Data Visualization and Infographics Alecsandru Grigoriu1, Sabin Corneliu Buraga2 1 Facultatea de Informatică, Universitatea „Al. I. Cuza” Iași, România alecsandru.grigoriu@info.uaic.ro 2 Facultatea de Informatică, Universitatea „Al. I. Cuza” Iași, România busaco@info.uaic.ro Abstract. In this article a series of contributions are described regarding the data visualization domain and infographic design on behalf of two case studies. The first represents an original approach towards social network data visualization and delivering final results in vector formats. The second case study consists of designing an infographic solution for the Mozilla Labs Design   Challenge - Open Data Visualization Competition – which is meant to offer a design and statistical interpretation of the public data  released by The Mozilla Foundation regarding the Firefox users and their way of interaction with the browser – the data was released through the ”Mozilla Test Pilot” initiative. View full article   Dialogism Concepts in the Evaluation of the Participants of a Chat Mihai Dascălu, Ștefan Trăușan-Matu, Traian Rebedea, Diana Lupan, Ștefan Bobocescu-Kesikis Universitatea Politehnica din București 313 Splaiul Independenței, 060042 București, România {mihai.dascalu, stefan.trausan, traian.rebedea}@cs.pub.ro,  {diana.lupan, stefan.bobocescu-kesikis}@cti.pub.ro Abstract. The article introduces a model for discourse analysis, customized for chat conversation, which is used for assessing collaboration derived from the intertwining perspectives of different conversation participants. Our model is derived from dialogism and is focused on the 3 central concepts of the analysis: utterance, voice and echo; these factors enable us to achieve a deep and holistic perception of the discourse. The path of the evaluation process starts from granting support to the ongoing discussion by using the collaborative environment made available to the participants, models the discussion based on the utterance graph and grants feedback regarding collaboration and involvement in each conversation thread. In essence, our analysis takes into consideration quantitative aspects measured in terms of active involvement in the discussion, qualitative ones at cognitive level by assessing the relevance of each utterance, but also social factors derived from voice intertwining. View full article   Polycafe: Advanced System for the Evaluation of Chat Conversations Based on the Polyphonic Model Traian Rebedea, Mihai Dascălu, Ștefan Trăușan-Matu, Ana Teodorescu, Alexandra Ene Universitatea Politehnica din București 313 Splaiul Independenței, 060042 București {traian.rebedea, mihai.dascalu, stefan.trausan}@cs.pub.ro {ana.teodorescu, alexandra.ene}@cti.pub.ro Abstract. Chat conversations have become very popular among the members of various online communities. With the popularity growth of computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL), chat conversations have started being used in educational environments. Nevertheless, assessing students through the analysis of the chats they participate in has the two main problems: the process is complex and time consuming. Therefore, the need of performing automatic analysis and evaluation of students based on chat conversations rose drastically. Thereby, in the last years efforts have been made in order to develop an instrument that can automatically analyze collaborative chat conversations used in educational contexts. In this paper we propose a solution based on natural language processing, social network analysis, latent semantic analysis, as well as data-mining and information retrieval techniques. All these perspectives are integrated in order to present various facilities, such as participant evaluation, utterance and collaboration assessment, topics visualization and semantic search. View full article   The Impact of Usability Problems on the Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Enjoyment of an Augmented Reality Learning Scenario Dragoş Daniel Iordache, Costin Pribeanu ICI Bucureşti Bd. Mareşal Averescu nr.8-10, Bucureşti iordache@ici.ro, pribeanu@ici.ro Abstract. Augmented reality technologies create new opportunities to increase students’ motivation to learn. The integration of real objects in a computing environemnt requires specific interaction techniques which are making more difficult the development of usable applications in this area. Individual usability evaluation methods have specific advantages but also limitations when used in isolation. This suggests as appropriate a mixed research methodology. This paper presents an analysis of the impact of usability problems on the perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment that is based on the triangulation of quantitative and qualititative data. View full article   Design of a Haptic Cover for Mobile Devices for Persons with Visual Impairment Cristian-Alexandru Drăgușanu, Petronela Stan,  Andreea-Alexandra Iuga, Marina Cufliuc Facultatea de Informatică, Universitatea "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" Iași General Berthelot, 16, IAŞI 700483, ROMANIA {cristian.dragusanu, petronela.stan, alexandra.iuga, marina.cufliuc}@cs.utcluj.ro Abstract. In this article we will describe a method of interaction between a user with visual impairment and a mobile device. These users have a big disadvantage because the feedback offered by a common mobile device is mostly visual.Taking, for instance, blind users who wish to compose simple piano songs, we propose an application and a cover that will help them. The cover is specially designed for a mobile device with capacitive touchscreen. This cover is provided with embossed buttons, marked with Braille characters. It is made out of conductive foam that allows sending commands to the touch interface of the phone. View full article   Informatics Devices and Devices with Vocal Interface Paul Fogarassy-Neszly BAUM Engineering Arad, str. Traian Moşoiu nr.8 pf@baum.ro Abstract. The paper describes software applications and hardware devices with voice user interface. The aim of these is to provide accessibility to information and communication technologies for peoples with reading disability, and on the other hand to improve the usability and ergonomics. Different software applications and hardware devices are presented, for blind and visual impaired peoples and for the general use.  View full article   The Influence of Perceptual Accuracy on the User Learning Experience with a Biology Application Costin Pribeanu Institutul Naţional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare în Informatică – ICI Bucureşti Bd. Mareşal Averescu nr.8-10, Bucureşti pribeanu@ici.ro Abstract. In recent years there is a growing interest for the hedonic aspects of interacting with e-learning systems. The interaction techniques based on augmented reality (AR – Augmented Reality) provides new opportunities to increase the motivational value of e-learning platforms. In this paper we present a formative index measuring the accuracy of visual and auditory perception of a learning application for Biology.  The analysis between the formatively measured items and a formatively measured construct highlights the influence of this specific usability aspect on the perceived enjoyment.  View full article   Development of Usability Heuristics. Case Study: Grid Computing Applications Cristian Rusu1, Dorian Gorgan2, Silvana Roncagliolo1, Virginica Rusu3 1Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso Valparaiso, Chile cristian.rusu@ucv.cl, silvana@ucv.cl 2 Universitatea Tehnică din Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca, România dorian.gorgan@cs.utcluj.ro 3 Universidad de Playa Ancha Valparaiso, Chile virginica.rusu@upla.cl Abstract. The usability of applications based on new technologies brings new challenges. There is a need for new usability evaluation methods or (at least) traditional methods should be adapted to the new environments/requirements. Heuristic evaluation is a well known and widely used usability inspection method. Specific usability heuristics, suitable for specific applications, were proposed by many authors; however, the heuristics development process is poorly documented. The paper proposes a methodology to develop new usability heuristics. The methodology is applied in order to develop usability heuristics for Grid Computing applications. View full article   Adaptive Student E-Learning System Liana Cornelia Hedeşiu, Cornelia Melenti Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca Str. Bariţiu 26-28, Cluj-Napoca hm_liana@yahoo.com, cornelia.melenti@cs.utcluj.ro Abstract. In this article we will describe the theoretical basis, models and standards of adaptive student learning. In the last part of the paper there will be a presentation of the educational application Sintegro_AE, a desktop application designed for foreign students that want to learn the written Romanian language. The application was designed so that it will respect the level reached by a student in his/her training. View full article   Educational Content Management System for Competence-Based Learning Ana-Maria Borozan, Ileana Trandafir Institutul Naţional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare în Informatică, ICI Bucureşti Bd. Mareşal Averescu nr. 8-10 marika@ici.ro itran@ici.ro Abstract. The paper presents some aspects of design and development of an educational content management system for competence-oriented learning. During the system development were taken into account a number of specific issues and requirements that competence oriented e-learning systems must meet: create synergy between the learning-training processes and knowledge management, new approach for competence acquisition and workplace learning, lifelong learning where the competence must be a balance between the individual interests and that of the organization, content structuring and highlighting some semantic aspects to allow personalization and guidance to individual learning / training, compatibility with international standards that ensure educational content reuse in different contexts and the interoperability of e-learning and human resource management systems. These objectives and requirements are correlated with current research objectives at European level in the Framework Program 7, 2007-2013, in Technology Enhanced Learning (TeLearn). View full article   MDL Applications for Programming Lessons Daniel Safta, Dorian Gorgan Universitatea Tehnică din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Automatică şi Calculatoare Str. G.Bariţiu nr. 26-28 davonkeep@yahoo.com, dorian.gorgan@cs.utcluj.ro Abstract. In this article we present applications of the lesson development module  (MDL) – the solution  modeling component -  in two computer programming lessons, case studies conducted  through a new approach to teaching computer science: visual modeling of algorithms and their evaluation based on metaphorical forms . We highlighted the impact of the implemented teaching strategies and of the  applied learning methods on two types of users: students and teachers. A comparative study was conducted in two types of lessons, 2D and 3D. View full article   A Multidimensional and Hierarchical Model for Assessing the Quality of E-Learning Services Alexandru Balog Institutul Naţional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare în Informatică – ICI Bucureşti Bd. Mareşal Averescu nr. 8-10, sector 1, Bucureşti, cod 011455 alexb@ici.ro Abstract. This article defines dimensions of e-learning services quality to develop a measuring instrument. It reviewed the achievements in the field and theoretical concepts. It defines a multidimensional and hierarchical model by a factor of order three (the quality of the e-learning service), three dimensions modeled as second order factors (quality of interface, interaction quality, outcome quality) and nine sub-dimensions modeled as first order factors. Finally it shows how to further research. View full article   Video Game Development Concepts Alexandru Angelescu, Sabin-Corneliu Buraga Universitatea “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Iași Facultatea de Informatică Str. General Berthelot, nr. 16, 700483, Iaşi {alexandru.angelescu, busaco}@info.uaic.ro Abstract. The paper represents a case study which provides an overview of the main concepts regarding the development of video games, and of the methods used by independent game developers to put these concepts into practice. The notions presented in the article will be highlighted using an original project, Beneath a Crimson Sky, a flight simulator developed using the Microsoft XNA framework. View full article   System for Defect Detection in Fabrics Dragoş Cătălin Barbu, Dragoş Nicolae Nicolau ICI Bucureşti Mareşal Averescu, 8-10, Bucureşti {dbarbu, dragos}@ici.ro Abstract. In the textile industry, for quality assurance, defect detection is a vital step. This paper presents a system for real time defect detection in fabrics which requires efficient and powerful algorithms. Based on the characteristics of the fabrics texture we use local binary patterns (LBP) to detect defects in fabric. Due to subtle defects, inspection of fabric defects is particularly difficult also because of variations in fabric texture and due to changes in environmental changes (e.g. illumination, noise, etc.). Online implementation of the algorithms showed that it can be implemented with the resources normally available and can be adapted for industrial applications. View full article   Interaction Techniques for Satellite Image Processing on the Grid Vlad Doru Colceriu, Dorian Gorgan Universitatea Tehnică din Cluj-Napoca Str. Bariţiu nr. 28, 400027, Cluj-Napoca colceriu_vd@yahoo.com, dorian.gorgan@cs.utcluj.ro Abstract. The current paper presents the Human-Computer interaction techniques, which follow from executing the business part of an application on the Grid. It presents the way in which such a software deals with data management, data input selection, process state visualization and operator execution. Also it presents an alternative visualization technique for input and output data in a comparative way. During the presentation of each technique an analysis will be made of its the benefits and shortcomings. View full article   Remote Visualization of Dynamical 3d Graphical Scenes Claudiu Mera, Dorian Gorgan Universitatea Tehnică din Cluj-Napoca Str. Bariţiu nr. 28, 400027, Cluj-Napoca claude_mera@yahoo.com, dorian.gorgan@cs.utcluj.ro Abstract. This paper presents the development of an application used for remote visualization of 3D graphical scenes. For this purpose, an interactive application is realized. The main goal of the system is to allow users of computers with limited graphical resources to visualize complex scenes that require a significantly large amount of computation. The secondary goal of the system is to let users of systems with powerful resources to dynamically configure and interact with complex 3D models. Theoretical aspects related to the current work in this field are introduced. The paper concludes by describing the achievements obtained by implementing the current system. View full article   Human-Computer Interaction Techniques in Grid Based Hydrological Model Execution – gSWAT Application Dănuţ Mihon, Victor Bâcu, Teodor Ştefănuţ, Dorian Gorgan Universitatea Tehnică din Cluj-Napoca Str. Memorandumului, 28, Cluj-Napoca {vasile.mihon, victor.bacu, teodor.stefanut, dorian.gorgan}@cs.utcluj.ro Abstract. The environmental applications development has an increasing impact in modern society, through the simulation and prediction capabilities of the Earth phenomena (e.g. temperature distribution in time, floods prevention, water pollution, etc). This paper describes the gSWAT platform, based on the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model. There are two main objectives related to this application: SWAT model calibration and execution. Each watershed has its’ own characteristics, described in terms of hydrologic parameters. Based on the values of these parameters the users could create different scenarios to simulate and to predict the hydrological phenomena. The calibration process requires a large volume of data processing. This is the main reason why the gSWAT was implemented as a Grid-based application. The Grid infrastructure offers high storage and power computing capabilities and support for parallel executions. View full article   Using Hand Gestures in Human-Computer Interaction Mihaela Coneac, Adrian Iftene Facultatea de Informatică, Universitatea “Al. I. Cuza”, Iași General Berthelot, 16, 700483, România {mihaela.coneac, adiftene}@infoiasi.ro Abstract. This article discusses how to use hand gestures in human-computer interaction. People, who are not very accustomed with computers, find this method much more intuitive than using the mouse or keyboard. The evaluation that we performed confirms this, human subjects who participated in the experiment showed that they can be pleased by possibility to give common commands easier. View full article   Evaluation of the Effort to Mental Reconstruct the Objects from Technical Drawings Florin Gîrbacia, Eugen Butilă, Andreea Beraru Universitatea Transilvania din Braşov B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036, Brasov {garbacia, butila, aberaru}@unitbv.ro Abstract. In this paper is presented an experiment aimed to estimate the cognitive complexity of 2D technical drawings by measuring the reaction time and the accuracy of mentally reconstructed 3D images from 2D planar projections. From the performed experiment we can emphasize that the increased reaction time and reduced accuracy of 3D reconstructed brain images show the complexity the engineer is facing in the product development process. The precision and reaction time was not considerably improved by using 3D stereoscopic viewing. As a general conclusion, we can declare that improvement of actual 2D technical drawings by co-location of three dimensional models could be a viable alternative. View full article   Virtual Reality Model in Geographical Information Systems Dârdală Marian, Reveiu Adriana, Furtună Titus Felix Academia de Studii Economice Bucureşti, Piaţa Romană, nr 6 {dardala, reveiua, titus}@ase.ro Abstract. The paper presents a software architecture to implement a virtual reality model inside the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Spatial data provides a schematic view of reality, so it is necessary to use raster data to give more realism to the studied geographic area. Using images as background for the studied geographical area is a simple way to accurately reflect reality on the ground. Satellite images, orthophotoplans are several sources of such raster data can be used in GIS. In the case of an urban area, immersive virtual reality models are the most appropriate models to present the reality more realistic. View full article   Using Motion-Capture Technology in Real Time Interactive Enviroments  Rizea Victor Adrian, Dinca Florin Alexandru, Ilie Ciprian, Hramco Vera, Polceanu Mihai, Dorin-Mircea Popovici Universitatea OVIDIUS Constanţa   B-dul. Mamaia 124, 900527, Constanţa   victor.rizea@gmail.com, cerva@univ-ovidius.ro, dmpopovici@univ-ovidius.ro Abstract. This paper brings into discution the use of technology which is capable of captuging human body movements (motion capture – MoCap) in an interactive virtual enviroment. We adopted two complementary perspectives. The first deals with issues that arrise from the use of MoCap to obtain behaviours for virtual actors. The second regards the problems of capturing, applying and showing different natural behaviours, in real time, for a virtual character which is the user’s avatar. In order to demonstrate the presented subject we have chosen to make use of an interactive virtual enviroment which represents the reconstruction of the ancient Tomis colony. Here the users can experiment harbour activities through interaction with the virtual characters that are present in the enviroment; this interaction is enhanced by the possibility of communication with a character controlled by a real life historian, the real guide. After we present the arhitectural solution, the article brings into discution the many aspects of using MoCap, demonstrating our point of view through the above mentioned application and ends with conclusions. View full article   Using Context for Improving Human-Computer Interaction in Intelligent Spaces Emil Stănescu, Ileana Stănescu ICI - Bucureşti Mareşal Averescu 8-10, sector 1, Bucureşti stanescu@ici.ro, ileanas@ici.ro Abstract. In this paper we included some concepts and trends about diminishing the interaction complexity of  an user with his equipments throughout an intelligent space. The intelligent space includes different equipments and software applications which offer information and adapt to the existent context in that environment. The increased importance of context and context-awareness in computing environments is due to dissemination of computers and sensors near the mobile users. The context can be seen on different levels, it being able to improving user interface and, also, for supplying of services adapted to existent context. As a case study on improving human-computer interaction, we depict a recent approach on an intelligent wireless connection of a terminal, owning multiple interfaces, to access points of some communications networks which are using different technologies. That connection is made without user intervention for selecting access points to that networks. View full article   Musical Information Retrieval System. Theory and Applications Adrian Simion Universitatea POLITEHNICA Bucureşti Catedra de Calculatoare a Facultăţii de Automatică şi Calculatoare Splaiul Independenţei, nr. 313, 060042, Bucureşti, România simion.adrian@gmail.com Abstract. In this paper are analyzed some specific Music Information Retrieval problems. Also it presents introductory notions and some practical applications in this domain. Many of the notions and some techniques for solving the problems will be put to test in a program developed by the author, detailed at the end of the paper. The last part draws some conclusions about the difficulties in MIR (Music Information Retrieval) and about the future of this domain. View full article